Fundamental physics, astronomy and mathematical ideas.
Dr. Al Conrad's team used the SHARK-VIS camera on the Large Binocular Telescope to see, from Earth, fresh eruption deposits covering part of the red ring around Io's volcano Pele.
Dr. Zhiqin Ma's team trained machine learning models on surrogate copies of historical records, and in most tests these anticipated past tipping points better than standard warning indicators.
Dr. Zhao and colleagues built SOFIE, a physics-based computer model of solar eruptions and particle acceleration whose simulations of past solar energetic particle events closely matched observations.
Dr. Emanuel Indrei and Dr. Aram Karakhanyan prove that, under broad conditions on the forces involved, three-dimensional crystal shapes that minimize energy are convex, at least for small masses.
Professor Joseph Godfrey and colleagues propose that a single generic balance equation, paired with domain-specific relations, can systematically build classical physics into machine learning models.
The ALICE Collaboration measured protons knocked out of lead nuclei in near-miss collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, events linked to forming thallium, mercury and gold.
Dr. Melvin Vopson proposes that gravity may not be a fundamental force but a side effect of the universe compressing information, in a theoretical paper that reproduces Newton's law.
In a theoretical paper, Professor Jing-Ling Chen's team proposes that mixing the electron's standard description with two related forms, called braidons, could shift its magnetic g factor.
Dr. Oliver Amin's team used X-ray microscopy to map the nanoscale magnetic patterns of altermagnetic manganese telluride and set them by cooling the material in a magnetic field.
Professor Tao Li's team designed an optimized control path that lets topological light pumping work over much shorter lithium niobate chip waveguides, enabling more compact, stable optical devices.
Julian Hart proposes a theoretical framework, drawing on process philosophy and evolutionary game theory, in which entropy, molecular bonding and gravity emerge from competition and cooperation among interacting particles.
Professor Nicos Makris and Professor Gary Dargush show theoretically that Schrödinger's overlooked real-valued wave equation reproduces standard quantum energy levels, plus mirror negative levels whose meaning remains unclear.
Professor Jędrzej Śniatycki and Professor Richard Cushman show that every subcartesian space splits naturally into smooth manifolds, a partition that indicates how far differential geometry can be applied.
