Struggling to describe or recognize emotions is a challenge faced by some individuals due to a personality trait called alexithymia. This condition, which means “no words for emotions,” has drawn the attention of psychologists and scientists because of its significant impact on mental and physical health. A team of researchers, including Professor Yazmín Hernández-Díaz and Dr. Alma Genis-Mendoza, reviewed scientific studies to uncover whether genes play a role in this condition. Their work, published in the journal Genes, sheds light on the biological factors behind alexithymia.
Professor Hernández-Díaz and Dr. Genis-Mendoza’s team analyzed research involving large groups of people. They focused on genetic studies exploring serotonin pathways, the system that regulates mood and emotions, brain chemicals, and other biological processes. According to Professor Hernández-Díaz, “The majority of alexithymia genes and polymorphisms in this study belong to the serotoninergic pathway and neurotransmitter metabolism genes, suggesting a role of serotoninergic neurotransmission in alexithymia.”
Researchers identified several key genes linked to emotional awareness and regulation. One notable gene, responsible for transporting serotonin, a brain chemical that stabilizes mood and happiness, showed strong connections to alexithymia. People with certain variations in this gene had more difficulty identifying emotions. The team also found gender differences in alexithymia, with men generally showing higher tendencies than women. This highlights how both biological and social factors can influence the condition.
Another major area explored involved genes related to brain chemicals that manage emotions. Variants in the dopamine receptor gene, which impacts feelings of reward and pleasure, oxytocin receptor gene, which influences bonding and trust, and a gene known for breaking down stress hormones were found to affect emotional regulation. For example, people with certain forms of the gene related to dopamine processing had more challenges managing their emotions. Similarly, changes in the oxytocin receptor gene were linked to reduced empathy and emotional connection.
Dr. Genis-Mendoza shared, “Our findings highlight how serotonin and other brain chemical systems play a major role in shaping how people experience and express emotions. These insights may open doors to targeted therapies to help those affected by alexithymia.”
Challenges remain despite the progress made. Large-scale genetic studies, which examine the entire genome for relevant variations, for alexithymia are lacking, and inconsistencies exist when comparing findings across different populations. The research team emphasizes the need for larger, diverse studies that consider environmental influences alongside genetics to provide a clearer picture.
The importance of this research cannot be understated. Alexithymia is linked to various mental health challenges, such as depression and anxiety, and even physical health conditions. Understanding the genetic factors behind this condition could lead to personalized treatments. Future studies may explore how environmental factors, such as stress or upbringing, interact with genetic predispositions to further refine therapies.
Comprehending the biological framework of alexithymia not only deepens our understanding of this condition but also opens opportunities for addressing broader mental health concerns. By connecting psychology and biology, this research brings hope to those facing challenges with emotional awareness and regulation.
Journal Reference
Hernández-Díaz, Y., Genis-Mendoza, A.D., González-Castro, T.B., Fresán, A., Tovilla-Zárate, C.A., López-Narváez, M.L., Juárez-Rojop, I.E., & Nicolini, H. “Exploring Candidate Gene Studies and Alexithymia: A Systematic Review.” Genes, 2024, 15(8), 1025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15081025
About the Authors
Professor Yazmín Hernández-Díaz is a distinguished researcher at Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, known for her work in psychology and genetics. Her research focuses on understanding the genetic and environmental factors influencing mental health and personality traits, including conditions like alexithymia. With a strong academic background and a dedication to interdisciplinary collaboration, Professor Hernández-Díaz has contributed to numerous studies that bridge neuroscience, genetics, and psychology. Her work is highly regarded for its focus on uncovering complex biological pathways that shape human behavior, offering new perspectives on treatment and intervention strategies for mental health challenges. Beyond her research, she is also passionate about mentoring students and fostering the next generation of scientists.
Dr. Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza is a prominent scientist at the Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica in Mexico City. Specializing in psychiatric genetics, her work explores how genetic variations influence emotional regulation and personality traits. Her contributions to the field include significant studies on the biological underpinnings of alexithymia, shedding light on its genetic basis. Dr. Genis-Mendoza’s innovative approach combines advanced genomic analysis with psychological insights, aiming to improve understanding and treatment of complex mental health issues. She is widely recognized for her commitment to advancing mental health research in both academic and clinical settings.
