Clinical studies, public health, pharmacology and the biology of disease.
Professor Kátia Santos's team found that Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream isolates from patients with COVID-19 were more often drug-resistant, with higher resistance linked to earlier azithromycin use.
Dr. Ryo Nonomura's mailed survey of patients after surgery for spontaneous lung collapse found teenagers faced the highest recurrence risk, and follow-up grew harder as patients moved away.
Professor Mauricio Canals combined a logistic model with percolation theory to show that COVID-19 spread across all of Chile only once most of its communes had recorded cases.
Professor Hiroyuki Tsuda's team reviewed animal studies and concluded that both stiff and flexible multi-walled carbon nanotubes can cause lung cancer in rats, supporting a reassessment of their cancer classification.
Professor Rüdiger Seitz's team found that, in people with recently noticed dementia symptoms, lower spinal fluid levels of amyloid beta went with poorer memory scores, a link weaker in longer-standing cases.
Dr. Lu Qi's team found that US adults who drank coffee mainly in the morning had a lower risk of death, especially from heart disease, while all-day coffee drinkers did not.
Professor John Speakman and colleagues found that the amount of water people's bodies turn over each day varies widely with climate, activity, age, body size and national development.
Professor Yihai Cao's team found that aspartame raised insulin levels in mice and monkeys, and in animal experiments this triggered inflammation that worsened fatty plaques in the arteries.
Dr. Laura Lara-Castor and Professor Dariush Mozaffarian estimate that sugary drinks account for a sizeable share of new diabetes and heart disease cases worldwide, with the fastest rise in sub-Saharan Africa.
Dr. Jenny Ekberg's team found in mice that the bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae can travel from the nose to the brain along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within a short time.
Dr. Toshio Inui's team found that a modified whey protein lengthened blood cell telomeres in young and aged mice, while regular whey protein had little effect.
Professor Sheila MacNeil and Dr. Muhammad Yar found that a gel containing the sugar 2-deoxy-D-ribose regrew hair in mice with hormone-related hair loss about as well as minoxidil.
