Molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, ecology and animal health.
Dr. Tristan Begg's team analysed DNA from authenticated locks of Beethoven's hair, finding a genetic risk of liver disease, a hepatitis B infection and a break in his paternal line.
Professor Shuyu Zhang's team found that radiation and SARS-CoV-2 proteins activate the protein IRF1 in structural skin cells, driving inflammation and cell death that small-molecule inhibitors suppressed.
Professor Silke Leimkühler's team found that the E. coli enzyme MnmA modifies transfer RNA without an iron-sulfur cluster, and that binding such a cluster actually stops it working properly.
Professor Ana Rita Cabrita's team found that sowing site and date shape the protein value and alkaloid content of lupin forage, with yellow lupin carrying the highest alkaloid levels.
Dr. Justyna Zmorzynska's team found that an overactive growth pathway in zebrafish modelling tuberous sclerosis disrupts light-processing neurons and light preference, which the drug rapamycin restored.
Siliang Song and Professor Jianzhi Zhang found a rare genetic variant linked to offspring sex ratio in UK Biobank data, while simulations suggest Fisher's principle still holds in humans.
Dr. Yahaira de Tamayo-Ordóñez and Dr. Ninfa Rosas-García used computer models to show that key RNA structures in the virus behind COVID shift between variants, which may help it adapt.
Professor Franz Sellner's team reviewed evidence that isolated pancreatic metastases of clear-cell kidney cancer carry a distinct, less aggressive genetic profile, though the cases remain few.
Professor Jean Greenberg and Dr. Nicolás Cecchini describe methods that use isotope-labeled azelaic acid to trace how this defense signal moves through Arabidopsis plants and enters leaf tissue.
Professor Katrin Mani's team found that the protein Glypican-4 tracks with worse outcomes in glioblastoma but better survival in lung adenocarcinoma, and switching it off had opposite effects.
Professor Helen McGettrick's team found that the natural peptide PEPITEM boosts bone-forming cells while curbing bone-resorbing cells, increasing bone density in preclinical tests.
Dr. Aditi Bhargava and Johannes Knapp's reanalysis of early COVID-19 patient data found that immune changes in intensive care differed by sex and that obesity was the strongest risk factor for death.
